Math Operations & Functions

Math Operations

Integers +, -, *, /

Integers are whole numbers (positive, negative, or zero) without decimals.

print(type(2 + 4))       # Output: <class 'int'>
print(2 - 4)
print(2 * 4)
print('*' * 5)           # Output: *****
print(*[1,2,3])          # Output: unpacks or separate

Float /

Floats are numbers with decimal points.

print(2 / 4)             # Output: 0.5 (float division)
print(type(10.0))

Exponentiation **, Floor Division //, Modulus %

Exponentiation (**) raises a number to a power. Floor division (//) returns the integer part of division. Modulus (%) returns the remainder.

print(2 ** 4)            # Output: 16 (2 raised to power 4)
print(4 // 2)            # Output: 2 (floor division)
print(5 % 2)             # Output: 1 (modulus)

Math Functions

round() rounds to the nearest integer. abs() returns the absolute value.

print(round(3.6))        # Output: 4 (rounds to nearest integer)
print(abs(-4))           # Output: 4 (absolute value)

Operators Precedence

print(2 + 3 * 4)        # Output: 14 (multiplication before addition)
print((2 + 3) * 4)      # Output: 20 (parentheses change precedence)
print((20 - 3) + 2 ** 2)

First precedence [Parentheses ()] Second precedence [Exponentiation *] Third precedence [Multiplication , Division /, Floor D //, Modulus %] Fourth precedence [Addition, Subtraction]

Complex Numbers

Complex numbers have a real and imaginary part.

print(2 + 3j)            # Output: (2+3j)

Binary Representation

bin() converts integers to binary. int(..., 2) converts binary strings back to integers.

print(bin(10))           # Output: 0b1010 (binary representation of 10)
print(int('0b1010', 2))  # Output: 10 (convert binary string to integer)