Scope & Keywords

Scope

what variables do I have access to - Local scope → inside function. - Parent scope → enclosing function. - Global scope → module-level. - Built-in scope → Python built-ins (sum, max, min , etc..).

a = 1                   #global scope

def parent():
    a = 15              #parent scope
    def some_func():
        a = 10          #function scope or local scope
        return a
    return some_func

Keywords

Global keyword

• Allows modifying global variables inside functions.
• For global access or scope

total = 0
def counter():
    global total
    total += 1
    return total

counter()
counter()
print(counter())

(or)

def counter1(total):
    total += 1
    return total

print(counter1(counter1(counter1(total))))

Non local keyword

• Allows modifying parent scope variables inside nested functions.
• For parent access or scope

def outer():
    x = 'local'
    def inner():
        nonlocal x
        x = 'nonlocal'
        print('inner:', x)
    inner()
    print('outer:', x)
outer()